Glossary

Explanations of key terms and concepts

A

Actor Model

There are two main approaches to building agent-based simulations: object-oriented programming and the actor-based model.

Agent-Based Modeling

ABMs simulate entities in virtual environments, or digital twins, in order to help better understand both entities and their environments.

Applicant Tracking System

Applicant tracking systems help employers manage recruitment and hiring.

Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial Neural Networks are computer models inspired by animal brains. They consist of collections of nodes, arranged in layers, which transfer signals.

Autocorrelation

Autocorrelation is a measure of the degree of similarity between any time series and a lagged or offset version of itself over successive time intervals.

B

Block Protocol

The open Block Protocol standardizes the means by which blocks and the applications that embed them communicate.

Blocks

Blocks are single units of content that are assigned ‘types’ which determine how they display data.

Business Intelligence

Business Intelligence allows companies to make data-driven decisions.

Business Process Modeling

Business Process Modeling (BPM) helps organizations catalog, understand and improve their processes.

C

Content Management System

Content management systems allow you to build and manage websites.

Customer Relationship Management System

Customer relationship management systems track and coordinate interactions between a company and its customers.

D

Data Drift

Data Drift is the phenomenon where changes to data degrade model performance.

Data Mesh

Data meshes are decentralized database solutions.

Data Mining

Data Mining is a process applied to find unknown patterns, correlations, and anomalies in data. Through mining, meaningful insights can be extracted from data.

Data Pipelines

Data pipelines are processes that result in the production of data products, including datasets and models.

Data Types

Data types describe a space of possible values through the specification of constraints

Datasets

Datasets are collections of numbers or words, generally centered around a single topic or subject.

Deep Reinforcement Learning

DRL is a subset of Machine Learning in which agents are allowed to solve tasks on their own, and thus discover new solutions independent of human intuition.

Diffing

Diffs are used to track changes between different versions or forks of a project, providing an overview regarding files changed, and the nature of those changes.

Digital Twin

Digital twins are a detailed simulated analogue to a real-world system

Directed Acyclic Graphs

If you don’t know your DAGs from your dogs, you can finally get some clarity and sleep easily tonight. Learn what makes a Directed Acyclic Graph a DAG.

Discrete Event Simulation

DES is a modeling approach that focuses on the occurrence of events in a simulation, separately and instantaneously, rather than on any chronological-scale.

Discrete vs Continuous Time

In continuous time, variables may have specific values for only infinitesimally short amounts of time. In discrete time, values are measured once per time interval.

E

Ego Networks

Ego networks are a framework for local analysis of larger graphs.

Enterprise Resource Planning

Enterprise resource planning uses an integrated software system to manage a business' daily tasks.

Entities

Entities are individual ‘things’ with a distinct, independent existence.

Entity Types

Entity types represent commonly recurring classes of entities, and describe their properties.

F

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources

An electronic healthcare standard for data interoperability.

Forking

Forking something means to create a copy of it, allowing individual developers or teams to work on their own versions of it, in safe isolation.

G

Graph Databases

Graph Databases are a type of database that emphasizes the relationships between data.

Graph Representation Learning

Graph representation learning is a more tailored way of applying machine learning algorithms to graphs and networks.

Graphs

A graph is a collection of entities which may be connected to other entities by links.

I

Integrations

Integrations allow information from different systems to be brought together, and actions coordinated across them.

K

Knowledge Graph Machine Learning

Knowledge graphs are information-dense inputs to machine learning algorithms, and can capture more human-readable outputs of algorithms.

Knowledge Graphs

Knowledge Graphs contextualize data and power insight generation.

L

Links

Links between different entities represent the relationships and connections between them.

M

Machine Learning

Machine Learning is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence where parameters of an algorithm are updated from data inputs or by interacting with an environment.

Merging

Merging is the process of reconciling two projects together. In HASH merging projects is handled by submitting, reviewing and approving “merge requests”.

Metadata

Metadata is data about data. It’s quite simple, really. Learn more about how it’s used within.

Model Drift

Models tend to become less accurate over time.

Model Licensing

There are lots of ways to license simulation models. Here we outline some key considerations and things to be aware of.

Model Sharing

There are lots of ways to share simulation models: blackbox, greybox, closed, open, transparent, and output-only. Here we explain what these terms all mean.

Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-Agent Systems represent real-world systems as collections of intelligent agents.

O

Optimization Methods

The key to finding the best solution to any problem.

P

Parameters

Parameters control specific parts of a system's behavior.

Process Mining

Process mining is an application of data mining with the purpose of mapping an organization’s processes. It is used to optimize operations, and identify weaknesses.

Project Management Software

Project management software is used to manage teams completing complex projects.

Properties

Properties store individual pieces of information about entities. All property fields on an entity are inferred from its entity type(s).

R

Robotic Process Automation

Robotic process automation uses software to perform repeatable business tasks.

Robustness

Robustness is a measure of a model's accuracy when presented with novel data.

S

Schemas

Schemas are descriptions of things, and in HASH they are used to describe 'types'. These make simulations interoperable, and data more understandable.

Simulation Modeling

Simulation Models seek to demonstrate what happens to environments and agents within them, over time, under varying conditions.

Single Synthetic Environment

Single synthetic environments allow you to build, run, and analyze data-driven models and simulations.

Stochasticity

Stochasticity is a measure of randomness. The state of a stochastic system can be modeled but not precisely predicted.

Synthetic Data Generation

Generating data that mimics real data for use in machine learning.

System Dynamics

System Dynamics models represent a system as a set of stocks and the rates of flows between them.

T

Time Series Data

Time series data is data that has been indexed, listed, or graphed in time order. For example, the daily closing value of the NASDAQ, the price of a cryptocurrency per second, or a single step in a simulation run.

Types

Types describe the shape that information is expected to take, through rules and constraints associated with it.

V

Values

Values are the information contained within a single property on a specific instance of an entity.

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